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Showing posts with label Chile. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chile. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 23, 2026

Latin America Rising? > Cuba in the dark for 7th time this year; Chile watching Peru and Argentina increasing military budgets; First new cat species in a century found in Bolivia

 

Cuba has 7th power grid collapse this year



Sept. 19 (UPI) -- Cuba suffered a total blackout as its power grid collapsed again, its seventh of the year.

The Cuban Ministry of Energy and Mines announced the country-wide blackout at 2 p.m. EDT Friday on X. It said it was "activating service-restoration protocols."

By sundown, power had been restored to about 5% of the island. And the ministry reports several units back online Saturday.

Cuban authorities report a failure happened in transmission lines in the western part of the country, causing the system to collapse in the Matanzas province. The eastern part of the island then went offline.

The official newspaper Granma reported "unstable" weather conditions made things worse.

Small power-distribution "micro-islands" were being created in the provinces of Camagüey, Pinar del Río and Granma, CBS News reported. Some systems serving hospitals and other emergency facilities were being reactivated.

"All U.S. citizens in Cuba or planning to travel to Cuba should be aware and plan accordingly," the U.S. Embassy in Havana said.

"Maybe it'll come back this afternoon or tomorrow -- there's no way to know. We just have to wait," said Abilén Marrero, a homemaker in Havana.

The island is facing a severe economic crisis causing power grid collapses to become more common. Since January, they have gotten worse because President Donald Trump imposed an energy blockade to try to force a change in its political system. Trump also created tariffs on countries that sell oil to Cuba.

Is Trump aiming to make Cuba the 51st state? Why else would the Bully and Chief be so brutal?  

Cuba needs the fuel to operate its thermoelectric power plants, and it needs replacement parts to keep the obsolete infrastructure running. Only one tanker of fuel has made it to the island, in March, since the blockade began.




Chile watches as Peru, Argentina boost military investment

By Francisca Orellana
Chile remains one of the South American countries with relatively high military spending compared with the size of its economy. File Photo by Elvis Gonzalez/EPA
Chile remains one of the South American countries with relatively high military spending compared with the size of its economy. File Photo by Elvis Gonzalez/EPA

SANTIAGO, Chile, Sept. 18 (UPI) -- Chile is closely watching increased military investment by neighboring Peru and Argentina as Santiago faces tight budget constraints aimed at curbing public spending and strengthening its fiscal position.

Peru's government submitted a 2027 budget proposal in early September that would increase funding for defense investment projects by 283% to about $754 million.

Argentina, meanwhile, is moving ahead with plans to strengthen its armed forces with 24 F-16 fighter jets and expand its naval capabilities through plans to acquire three submarines and two frigates.

Six former Chilean defense ministers from across the political spectrum told newspaper El Mercurio that the military buildup by neighboring countries "requires special attention." They also questioned delays in funding for the strategic capabilities of Chile's armed forces.

They said postponing the funding could undermine the credibility of Chile's defense policy, which should not depend on annual fiscal pressures.

Chile remains one of the South American countries with relatively high military spending compared with the size of its economy.

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute reported that Chile spent the equivalent of 1.52% of its gross domestic product on defense in 2025, compared with 0.81% in Peru and 0.56% in Argentina. Colombia spent 3.52% and Ecuador 2.10%.

Uncertainty remains, however, over how much Chile will be able to allocate to defense next year as the government implements a significant fiscal adjustment. The 2027 budget proposal is due to be presented by the end of September, and President José Antonio Kast has warned that it will be austere.

In 2020, Chile replaced a military financing mechanism known as the Reserved Copper Law, under which revenue linked to copper sales helped finance the armed forces, with a multiyear fund for the renewal and maintenance of strategic military capabilities.

Some contributions required under the new system have been postponed in recent budgets, raising concerns about the continuity of those investments.

Alejandro Riquelme, a lawmaker from Kast's governing Republican Party who represents the southern Magallanes region, told UPI that Chile should closely monitor increased military investment by its neighbors but should not automatically respond by increasing its own acquisitions.

He said that although Chile has strong military capabilities, the country urgently needs to improve maritime and aerial surveillance, expand anti-drone systems and prepare for electronic warfare.

"Chile must modernize its defense, but with strategic intelligence. It is not about competing to see who buys the most expensive system, but about having effective, sovereign and sustainable capabilities to defend the country," Riquelme said.

Diego Jiménez, a security and geopolitics expert and researcher at the School of Economics at Universidad San Sebastián, told UPI that increased defense purchases by countries bordering Chile do not necessarily signal a new regional arms race, but instead reflect domestic policy needs.

"Peru is in a cycle of high political instability, which historically has led it to focus part of its attention on its relationship with Chile, particularly from the standpoint of renewing its capabilities," Jiménez said.

He said Peru historically has invested in replacing aging vehicles and vessels, but high equipment turnover has made it difficult for personnel to develop the expertise needed to maintain those capabilities over the long term.

Argentina, meanwhile, has one of the lowest levels of defense spending in Latin America, but its relationship with Chile continues to generate tensions in some sectors.

Gustavo Javier Valverde, chief of staff of the Argentine Air Force, recently referred to Magallanes, the southern region and the Drake Passage in the context of Argentine "sovereignty," saying his country needed to maintain a presence in the area.

In Argentina's case, Jiménez said military spending is being directed toward acquiring capabilities rather than improving working conditions for personnel.

"Therefore, we are not facing a wave of modernization of the armed forces," he said.

Jiménez said he does not expect the changes to alter South America's strategic balance, which historically has favored Brazil and, to some extent, Chile.

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Bolivia identifies first new cat species in more than a century

Sept. 18 (UPI) -- Scientists have formally identified a new wild cat species native to Bolivia, marking the first description of a completely new living feline species in more than a century, according to a genomic study.

The study, published Thursday in the journal Current Biology, established that the small, spotted cat inhabiting the cloud forests of Bolivia's Yungas region belongs to a previously unidentified evolutionary lineage.

Researchers named the species Leopardus tilcayo, preserving the name traditionally used by local communities.

The finding does not involve reclassifying a previously known subspecies. Instead, the researchers identified a cat that had never received its own scientific designation, making it the first completely new living feline species described in more than 100 years.

The tilcayo measures about 18 inches from head to body and weighs roughly 3 pounds, making it smaller than an average domestic cat. It has light brown fur, a small face, rounded ears and large, irregular rosette-shaped markings, according to Bolivian newspaper Los Tiempos.

Researchers compared complete genomes from 38 members of the Leopardus genus, including living animals, rescued or road-killed specimens and historical material preserved in museums. The analysis established that the tilcayo diverged from related tiger cats about 1.4 million years ago.

The study also concluded that South America has five distinct tiger cat species and identified a new subspecies in Peru, Leopardus tigrinus antisuyo.

The individual that ultimately led scientists to the new species was found about a decade ago. A local resident discovered the animal as a kitten along a road near a forest and took it home after mistaking it for a domestic cat. About a year later, he transferred it to the Senda Verde wildlife sanctuary.

In 2016, the sanctuary contacted Bolivian biologist Paola Nogales-Ascarrunz about the unusual animal. She initially believed it belonged to Leopardus tigrinus, commonly known as the northern tiger cat.

"I took 100 pictures of it," Nogales-Ascarrunz told National Geographic. "I was so fascinated."

In 2019, while preparing a guide to Bolivia's wild cats, Nogales-Ascarrunz noticed that the animal's markings and other physical characteristics differed from reference photographs of tiger cats found in Brazil, according to Bolivia's El Deber.

Scientists still do not know the size of the tilcayo population or many details about its diet, reproduction and behavior. Researchers are installing camera traps in the Yungas, where deforestation, agricultural expansion and mining threaten its habitat.




Friday, April 17, 2026

Latin America Rising > Brazil, United States fighting organized crime; Venezuela enacts mining law; Bolivia attracting gas and oil investments; Chilean reforms to boost economic growth

 

Brazil, United States deepen cooperation to combat organized crime

An aerial photograph of cargo containers in the port of Santos in Sao Paulo, Brazil and the United States have reached an agreement to better track illegal shipments. File Photo by Isaac Fontana/EPA
An aerial photograph of cargo containers in the port of Santos in Sao Paulo, Brazil and the United States have reached an agreement to better track illegal shipments. File Photo by Isaac Fontana/EPA

April 10 (UPI) -- The government of Brazil on Friday announced an agreement with the United States to combat transnational crime -- a move that will integrate intelligence sharing and joint operations to target organized criminal networks.

The initiative was presented by Brazil's finance ministry, where Minister Darío Durigan said the agreement between Brazil's Federal Revenue Service and U.S. Customs and Border Protection will enable the exchange of cargo data, particularly on shipments leaving the United States for Brazil.

The focus will be on intercepting illegal goods, such as weapons and narcotics.

The announcement comes as Washington considers designating Brazil-based criminal groups Primeiro Comando da Capital and Comando Vermelho as terrorist organizations, according to outlet G1 O'Globo.

The effort gained traction after Eduardo Bolsonaro and Flávio Bolsonaro, sons of former President Jair Bolsonaro, urged members of the administration of Donald Trump to take action, The New York Times reported. U.S. officials have not publicly confirmed any such designation.

Brazilian authorities also highlighted the rollout of the DESARMA program, a system designed to allow real-time information sharing when customs officials identify shipments linked to firearms, ammunition, explosives and other sensitive materials.

Officials said the tool enables authorities to trace the origin of illicit goods and map criminal networks involved in the international arms trade.

Recent records show the system has expanded the ability to detect, connect and track illicit weapons flows, with early results already benefiting both countries.

U.S.-provided intelligence has helped uncover sophisticated smuggling methods, including rifle components hidden inside airsoft equipment and drugs concealed in packages labeled as common goods such as pet food sent through postal services.

Over the past 12 months, authorities identified 35 incidents involving the seizure of 1,168 items, weighing about 550 kilograms, primarily shipped from Florida using fraudulent declarations and concealment techniques.

Brazil's tax revenue secretary, ​Robinson Barreirinhas, said ‌more than 1,100 weapons ​were seized ​over the past 12 ⁠months arriving from ​the United States, ​and that in the first quarter alone, authorities ​have seized more ​than 1.5 tons of ‌drugs.

Brazil's finance ministry said consolidating this data into a structured database has improved identification of patterns, links between senders and recipients, and recurring trafficking routes. This, in turn, has strengthened information-sharing with U.S. authorities to support enforcement action at the source and dismantle criminal networks.

The ministry added that the cooperation is part of ongoing dialogue between President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Trump, and forms part of a broader bilateral agenda focused on combating transnational organized crime.



Venezuela enacts mining law, thanks Trump for openness

People from the industry pose with a copy of the new mining law at Venezuela's National Assembly in Caracas, Venezuela, on April 9. The law allows foreign investment and was introduced under acting President Delcy Rodriguez after a visit by U.S .Interior Secretary Doug Burgum in early March. Photo by Ronald Pena/EPA
People from the industry pose with a copy of the new mining law at Venezuela's National Assembly in Caracas, Venezuela, on April 9. The law allows foreign investment and was introduced under acting President Delcy Rodriguez after a visit by U.S .Interior Secretary Doug Burgum in early March. Photo by Ronald Pena/EPA


April 17 (UPI)
--
 Venezuela's acting president, Delcy Rodríguez, signed a new mining law and thanked President Donald Trump for his "willingness" to advance bilateral cooperation, signaling a potential thaw in relations between the two countries.

The Organic Mining Law aims to reorganize and modernize the sector to turn it into a sustainable economic driver by attracting private and foreign investment, the government said.

During a signing ceremony broadcast on state television Thursday, Rodríguez also thanked Secretary of State Marco Rubio for what she described as a "willingness in the direction of having diplomatic and economic cooperative relations with Venezuela."

She said the goal is to build cooperation "adapted to a reality" that supports mutual understanding between both nations.

The measure targets increased investment in mining, which authorities consider key to the country's economic recovery. Official data cited by Rodríguez showed the sector grew 10.9% last year.

The initiative follows a visit to Caracas by U.S. Interior Secretary Doug Burgum, who said American companies are interested in operating in Venezuela.

Under the new law, domestic and international companies or consortiums may exploit gold and other "strategic minerals" through concession agreements lasting up to 30 years.

The legislation also establishes categories for small, medium and large-scale mining, in an effort to modernize a sector that previously operated largely under state control.

The new framework replaces regulations in place since 1999 and introduces changes aimed at easing restrictions. It includes the creation of a National Superintendency of Mining Activity to oversee investment, production and commercialization processes.

After recent bilateral contacts, the U.S. Treasury Department issued a license allowing American companies to participate in activities related to the extraction and commercialization of these resources.

At the law's promulgation ceremony, Rodríguez also highlighted the announcement by the International Monetary Fund on resumption of Venezuela's representation after seven years of suspension since 2019. She thanked Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva, as well as the governments of Brazil, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar for their diplomatic mediation.

The announcements by the IMF and the World Bank Group came during their Spring Meetings, which began April 13 and conclude Saturday in Washington.



Bolivia drafts hydrocarbons law to attract foreign capital

The draft of a new Bolivian hydrocarbons law prioritizes the reactivation of mature fields and traditional wells to maximize recovery of remaining reserves. File Photo by Martin Alipaz/EPA
The draft of a new Bolivian hydrocarbons law prioritizes the reactivation of mature fields and traditional wells to maximize recovery of remaining reserves. File Photo by Martin Alipaz/EPA

April 17 (UPI) -- The government of Rodrigo Paz has finalized the draft of a new hydrocarbons law, marking a key reform aimed at reviving energy investment and steering Bolivia's energy sector toward bolstering natural gas and oil production.

Hydrocarbons Minister Mauricio Medinaceli told local media the main goal of the legislation is to attract foreign investment. The proposal outlines five core pillars to reposition Bolivia as an energy-producing nation rather than a net importer.

The draft seeks to introduce more competitive conditions to draw capital, strengthen legal certainty and ease some contractual terms while maintaining state control over natural resources, according to the Bolivian newspaper El Deber.

"Bolivia is undergoing a structural shift because there will be a new hydrocarbons law, and we will present it as a national agreement among Bolivians," Paz said earlier this week during a visit to Brazil.

"That law will not benefit the state alone. It will benefit the development capacity of Bolivians across all regions."

Authorities said the framework is designed around competitiveness and legal security, aiming to establish conditions that allow immediate foreign investment inflows, local broadcaster Red Uno reported.

To that end, the proposal includes fiscal and contractual incentives intended to make Bolivia more attractive to international operators. It prioritizes the reactivation of mature fields and traditional wells to maximize recovery of remaining reserves.

On the operational side, the law calls for a deep overhaul of contracting mechanisms to make them more agile and transparent, reducing bureaucratic bottlenecks.

At the same time, the government plans to strengthen the role of state-owned Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos as the central player in the production chain, with the aim of reducing costly fuel imports.

Officials said the reform also seeks to ensure stable domestic supply following a 2025 fuel shortage crisis marked by recurring diesel and gasoline scarcities, long lines at service stations and protests by transport workers.

Bolivia's hydrocarbons sector experienced a "golden era" between 2006 and 2014, driven by high global prices and peak production levels. That cycle later weakened due to natural depletion of reserves and limited exploration investment during years of rule by the Movement for Socialism.

Official data and industry sources show that investment in exploration and production, which exceeded $1 billion annually in the past decade, has steadily declined to below $500 million.

Natural gas output, the country's main export, has dropped from more than 60 million cubic meters per day at its peak to about 40 million cubic meters or less per day, affecting Bolivia's ability to meet export commitments with Brazil and Argentina.



Chilean government offers reforms package to revive economy

By Francisca Orellana
   
Chilean President Jose Antonio Kast (C) arrives by car at the Metropolitan Cathedral to attend aass and a 'Prayer for the People of Chile and the New Government' in Santiago on Sunday. Photo by Allen Diaz/EPA
Chilean President Jose Antonio Kast (C) arrives by car at the Metropolitan Cathedral to attend aass and a 'Prayer for the People of Chile and the New Government' in Santiago on Sunday. Photo by Allen Diaz/EPA

SANTIAGO-Chile, April 16 (UPI) -- Chilean President José Antonio Kast announced a package of more than 40 measures aimed at breaking the country's economic stagnation and restoring stronger growth.

In a nationally televised address Wednesday night, Kast outlined reforms centered on five main goals: improving Chile's tax competitiveness, strengthening formal employment, simplifying regulations, increasing legal and regulatory certainty, and restraining public spending.

"We are going to break with a state that spends more than it has. We are going to break the bureaucracy that paralyzes and suffocates investment. We are going to break everything that is bad to rebuild everything that is good," Kast said.

He added Chile must return to robust growth and job creation, arguing that while the average corporate tax rate among countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development fell to 22% from 31% since 2000, Chile's rose to 27% from 15% during the same period, while national growth has remained below 2%.

By 2030, the government aims to reduce unemployment to 6.5%, lift annual economic growth to about 4% and restore structural fiscal balance, Kast said. The unemployment rate was 8.3% as of February, and the economy grow by 2.5% last year.

The centerpiece of the reform package is a proposed cut in the corporate tax rate to 23% from 27% --a measure that has drawn the strongest criticism.

"This bill is not an ideological agenda," Kast said. "It is a concrete response to real emergencies."

"I know there will be voices saying this project benefits those who have the most. That objection does not withstand the data," he added.

Economists have raised concerns about the fiscal impact of the proposal. Claudio Agostini, an academic at Adolfo Ibáñez University, told Radio Cooperativa that the package appears inconsistent with Chile's fiscal reality.

"Given the fiscal situation, where spending must converge with revenue, most of the measures significantly reduce tax collection," Agostini said. "At a first macroeconomic glance, it raises concern because this package tends to increase the fiscal deficit rather than reduce it."

Former Deputy Finance Minister Alejandro Micco, now a professor on the Faculty of Economics and Business at University of Chile, questioned the likely effect on investment.

"Global evidence shows the impact of these kinds of measures on activity and investment is limited. Therefore, we could face a future revenue problem," Micco said.

The government said it will submit the full bill to Congress on Monday for debate and approval. Analysts expect difficult negotiations because opposition lawmakers argue several measures disproportionately benefit large corporations.

Opposition lawmaker Francisca Bello said the administration is attempting to push through a disguised tax reform that benefits higher-income groups.

Sen. Daniela Cicardini, of the Socialist Party of Chile, told La Nación that the government is presenting the proposal as a growth plan when it is "a gift for Chile's richest 1%."

Political analyst Tomás Duval, an assistant professor at the Autonomous University of Chile, told Radio Bio Bio that reform would require extensive negotiation because the government lacks the congressional majorities needed to pass it in either chamber.