Politics in Europe > Zelenski ticks off Poland; Poland responds to the honouring of genocidal Bandera

 

Zelensky ignites fury by honouring Ukrainian WWII fighters who massacred Poles and Jews

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Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s decision to name a military unit after a World War II-era militia infamous for massacring Poles and Jews has led to a sharp spike in tensions between Kyiv and Warsaw. 

Some things are better off staying buried. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky signed a presidential decree on May 26 bestowing the honourary title of “Heroes of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army”, or UPA, on an elite unit of the nation’s special forces. 

As the armed wing of the far-right Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), the UPA carved out a gruesome name for itself in the shifting borderlands between Poland and Ukraine during World War II. 

It remains infamous in Poland for its role in the massacres of ethnic Poles and Jews in Volhynia and eastern Galicia – massacres that Polish historians believe killed tens of thousands civilians, and that the Polish state considers part of a deliberate campaign of genocide.

Zelensky’s decree was all the more striking for having the uneasy makings of a pattern. The day before, the Jewish president had presided over the reburial of the repatriated remains of Andriy Melnyk in the national military ceremony near Kyiv. 

Melnyk, who died in Germany in 1964 and had been buried in Luxembourg, was the leader of a branch of the OUN – and a staunch advocate for collaboration between the Ukrainian nationalist movement and Nazi Germany and its fascist allies.

Melnyk now lies buried with full state honours alongside Ukrainian soldiers killed during the four-year struggle against the Russian invasion, hailed as a national hero by the same Zelensky who once spoke proudly of his own grandfather’s fight against the genocidal Nazi regime in the ranks of the Red Army.  

Under strain

The president’s actions have been met with shock across the border in Poland. 

Former Polish president Lech Walesa, who had led the Solidarity trade union movement that brought down the Soviet-backed Communist government in Poland at the close of the Cold War, said on social media that he had wrenched the Ukrainian flag badge from his chest upon hearing of the decree. While he said he would continue to support Ukraine’s fight against Moscow, he would not – could not – support its president.  

Left-wing former prime minister Leszek Miller described the decree as akin to Germany renaming a military unit after the Nazis’ Einsatzgruppen death squads. 

And conservative President Karol Nawrocki called for the Ukrainian president to be stripped of the Order of the White Eagle, the nation’s highest state honour that was bestowed on Zelensky by Nawrocki’s predecessor Andrzej Duda in the wake of the Russian onslaught. 

"Glorifying the UPA has provided Russian propaganda with plenty of fuel for disinformation," he said. Russian President Vladimir Putin has long justified his assault on Ukraine in part as a campaign to "de-Nazify" the country.

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An open wound

Poland presses Ukraine to drop street name honoring Nazi collaborator

Vinnytsia has commemorated Stepan Bandera, whose nationalist forces massacred tens of thousands of Poles during WWII

Published 11 Jun, 2026 23:53 | Updated 12 Jun, 2026 07:54

FILE PHOTO: A man waves the Polish national flag and a flag with the crossed-out face of Ukrainian Nazi collaborator Stepan Bandera, Warsaw, Poland, 11 November, 2023. © Getty Images / Beata Zawrzel/NurPhoto

Polish officials from the ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party have urged the Ukrainian city of Vinnytsia to rename a street honoring Stepan Bandera, the nationalist leader whose movement was responsible for the massacre of more than 100,000 Poles during World War II.

Relations between Poland and Ukraine have soured since late May, when Vladimir Zelensky named a commando unit after the “Heroes of the UPA,” the military wing of Bandera’s Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN).

On Thursday, council members in the Polish city of Kielce urged their chairman to formally ask Vinnytsia to remove Bandera’s name from the street, describing it as a “blemish” on Polish-Ukrainian relations. The street, formerly named after Leo Tolstoy, was renamed in 2022 as part of Ukraine’s broader campaign to eliminate Russian-linked place names.

“In Poland, Stepan Bandera and the legacy of the OUN-UPA are unequivocally associated with mass crimes against defenseless civilians,” the officials wrote in a letter published on the broadcaster Telewizja Swietokrzyska’s website.

Polish historians and public consider the OUN leader to be “unequivocally responsible for the genocide of Polish civilians, including in Volhynia,” they added.

READ MORE: Why is Poland furious with Ukraine? The fallout from Kiev’s fascination with Nazis

On Wednesday, Kielce mayor Agata Wojda announced that Vinnytsia had withdrawn its request for 15 used buses from the Polish city following criticism from local officials and residents. The proposed transfer was intended to support Vinnytsia’s largely electric public transport network, which has faced disruptions due to Russian strikes on Ukraine’s power grid and military-industrial facilities.

The latest dispute comes amid worsening ties between Poland and Ukraine following the “Heroes of the UPA” controversy. Despite the backlash, Kiev has no plans to rename the military unit, Liga.net reported on Thursday, citing a government source.

READ MORE: ‘Poles, Russians, and Jews must be exterminated’: The bloody history of Zelensky’s heroes (DISTURBING CONTENT)

Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk last week placed full responsibility for the row on Ukraine, warning that Warsaw could take a more transactional approach toward Kiev and increasingly prioritize its own “hard business interests” if Ukraine does not change course.

Moscow has long maintained that the current government in Kiev glorifies Nazis at the state level. Russia has repeatedly stated that the “denazification” of Ukraine remains one of its key objectives and conditions for a peace settlement in the conflict.

The Media is the Message > Rebranding Fascists as Freedom Fighters - An American Tradition?

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How US state media rebrands Nazi collaborators as freedom fighters

In an effort to redefine the roots of Ukrainian statehood, Stepan Bandera’s

war crimes are being whitewashed

By Glenn Diesen, 

Professor at the University of South-Eastern Norway and an 

editor at the Russia in Global Affairs journal. 

Follow him on Twitter @glenn_diesen.

Activists of Ukrainian nationalist parties take part in a rally to mark the 112th anniversary of the birth of Stepan Bandera,

one of the founders of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), in Kiev, Ukraine. © Sputnik / Stringer

The Ukrainian language channel of US state-run broadcaster RFERL is making a concerted effort to rehabilitate the life and legacy of WWII-era Nazi collaborator Stepan Bandera, widely held by historians to have been a war criminal.

A video posted by the broadcaster, registered as a "foreign agent" in Russia, earlier this month argued that Ukrainians are deeply divided about whether the wartime leader was a hero or a villain – while leaning heavily in favour of the hero narrative. RFE/RL is part of the US Agency for Global Media, a government controlled organisation, with an annual budget of over $800 billion, which is charter bound to promote the "foreign policy objectives of the United States."

Bandera was the figurehead of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), which formed an alliance with Hitler’s Third Reich and played a role in rounding up Jewish people, executing civilians and fighting the advance of the Red Army. Many members of the OUN eventually fought as part of the all-Ukrainian 1st Galician division of the Waffen SS, a locally raised unit under the control of Nazi commanders. The descendants of this virulent nationalist movement continue to hold Bandera aloft as their anti-Russian ideological figurehead. Bandera has been linked with a series of incidents of wartime genocide carried out upon ethnic Poles and Jews in some of the worst crimes Europe has ever witnessed.

Many of its proponents also play leading roles in Ukrainian civil and political life, and have enjoyed support and indulgence from the West. The US does not in itself have an ideological proclivity towards neo-Nazism, at least in the mainstream, but its policies come down to a question of power politics. Washington often pushes its rivals against each other, much like all preceding empires have followed the strategy of divide and conquer, and it has on several occasions had an interest in supporting fascists as leading adversaries of the Soviet Union and Russia.

The current efforts to remake Eastern Europe into an anti-Russian front line are once again incentivising the glorification of war criminals from WWII as the leading lights of Ukrainian statehood.

Allies against the Soviet Union

When Nazi Germany invaded the USSR in 1941, future US president Harry Truman argued that “if we see that Germany is winning the war we ought to help Russia [sic], and if Russia [sic] is winning, we ought to help Germany and in that way let them kill as many as possible”.

The US allied with the Soviet Union against Germany during the war, although switched thereafter as West Germany became an ally and the Soviet Union became the enemy. The partnership with Germany entailed the embrace of the Himmerod memorandum, which called for ending the “defamation” of the Wehrmacht and the transformation of public opinion. The whitewashing of Wehrmacht as an opponent of Bolshevism was deemed necessary to adapt to the new Cold War realities, which entailed legitimising the creation and partnership with the Bundeswehr as its successor.

Former adversaries became allies. Operation Paperclip, a secret US programme transferred approximately 1,600 German scientists to the US after the war for employment with the US government.

Adolf Heusinger, operations chief within the general staff of the High Command of the Nazi German Army, became the first inspector general of the Bundeswehr in 1957 and then was appointed as chairman of the NATO Military Committee in 1961. Wernher von Braun, a Major in the Nazi SS and a rocket engineer, eventually became the director of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Centre.

Fascists of Eastern Europe

Right wing nationalists collaborating with Hitler’s regime were a leading force among anti-Soviet resistant fighters in Eastern Europe during the Second World War, they were efficient “fifth columns” during the Cold War, and they remain loyal anti-Russian movements for a divided Europe after the Cold War. Case in point, Latvia still has annual Waffen SS marches through its capital of Riga to honour Nazi veterans who fought against the Red Army.

American efforts to create divisions within the multinational Soviet Union entailed support for “captive nations”, which created a common cause with nationalist and fascist movements. Ukrainian fascists from the OUN resettled in the US from the early 1950s and became an important movement to create divisions within the Soviet Union. As the OUN were sponsored by US intelligence, they had growing influence over propaganda channels such as Radio Free Europe.

After the Soviet Union collapsed, the primary objective of US policy towards Ukraine has been to prevent a Ukraine-Russia alignment and instead make the country a bastion against Russia. This demands intervening in a deeply divided Ukraine: A pluralist national identity is dominant in Eastern Ukraine, which embraces the view of Ukraine as a bi-ethnic, bicultural and bilingual state. A monist view prevails in Western Ukraine, which defines the national identity as one ethnicity, one culture and one language. Even former Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko recently complained that despite seven years of conflict with Russia, approximately 40% of Ukrainians still consider Ukrainians and Russians to be one people.

When former president Yanukovich was toppled in 2014, a portrait of Stepan Bandera was hung in the Kiev city council building. That said, the fascists obviously have not monopolised power in Ukraine. The protests, riots and the coup of 2014 had to a large extent reasonable objectives such as fighting corruption and aligning closer with the EU. However, as in most revolutions, the most violent groups tend to seize power.

The radical nationalists are a minority, but an efficient minority. They had a central role in the coup as evident by the fascist insignia used openly. They became an indispensable force in the voluntary battalions, such as the Azov battalion, used against Eastern Ukrainians who opposed the coup. Their resolve continues to cement an anti-Russian position as they will march on Kiev if President Zelensky shows weakness towards Russia or abides by the Minsk peace agreement.

This influence is recognised by the US. Since 2013, the US has, every year, voted against a UN resolution devoted to “combatting glorification of Nazism”. In November 2021, the US and Ukraine were the only two countries in the entire world to vote against the resolution.

Rebranding political extremists

States tend to act in accordance with their fundamental interests, and then clothe these policies in the language of values and virtue. Much like US recognised the value of jihadist allies in Syria and Yemen, so have the fascists been a reliable ally against Russia. US support for extreme nationalists and fascists is sold as “democracy promotion”, and the suppression of the political opposition and media is sold as “fighting the Russian hybrid war”. The bold new video from RFERL shows that Washington has no qualms about continuing the long tradition of rebranding fascists as freedom fighters.