"I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life"

Father God, thank you for the love of the truth you have given me. Please bless me with the wisdom, knowledge and discernment needed to always present the truth in an attitude of grace and love. Use this blog and Northwoods Ministries for your glory. Help us all to read and to study Your Word without preconceived notions, but rather, let scripture interpret scripture in the presence of the Holy Spirit. All praise to our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.

Please note: All my writings and comments appear in bold italics in this colour

Saturday, February 20, 2016

ISIS Child Kisses Father Goodbye Before Suicide Mission in Chilling New Video

Suicide bomber kisses his father's hand as he says goodbye

A harrowing Islamic State propaganda video has emerged online, depicting an 11-year-old boy near Syria’s Aleppo kissing his father goodbye before setting off on a suicide bombing.

The boy in the video posted by Islamic State supporters last month is identified as Abu Imara al Omri. It is claimed he targeted Syrian soldiers in the town of Ghazi by driving a truck laden with explosives into their midst.

In the video, set to traditional singing, the boy and his father inspect the car, fashioned with added armor at the front. This is before Abu says his final words, kisses his father’s hand in a final blessing and both hug for the last time. There does not appear to be any regret exchanged at all, and the somber atmosphere is presented as a normal everyday occurrence.

There is a special place in Hell for parents who allow, or encourage their children to become suicide bombers. It will be right beside those soulless monsters who brain-wash and train children to do their evil. Isn't there some way to tell these kids that blowing themselves and others up will only send them to Hell? Where is Dante when you need him?

Later on, Abu is shown in a field just outside of a town in Syria, receiving instructions from a senior militant and looking pensively into the distance, before the whole thing wraps with a massive mushroom cloud seen on the horizon, set to more religious talk in the background.

It is becoming increasingly clear how the Islamic State uses children for its wars, and this is a growing trend. A fresh report by US researchers detailed the terrorist group’s different approach to child recruitment: unlike situations where ranks need to be replenished, or those where a child could potentially be more effective against an enemy, IS uses children in much the same way as its other fighters – not as some last resort. They go on missions, commit suicide and attack enemies with whatever they’ve got.

The only real difference is the use of the term ‘cubs of the caliphate’ IS has a few camps dedicated to this particular indoctrination. Like his peers, Abu was a ‘cub’ – the next generation of jihadi. Among its many tactics to get children to join its cause, the group even encourages mothers to send them off.

Abu joins 88 other children scientists from Georgia State gathered information on in the January 2015-2016 period. Most of these deaths across Syria and Iraq are essentially suicide missions – be they bombings or running into an enemy midst with light weaponry.


As the tactic of using children is finding increasing favor with IS, their methods of carrying out attacks also evolve. One, called a ‘plunging attack’, centers on storming an enemy position with firearms before detonating one’s own explosives-laden jacket.

Experts say those fighting the IS need to come up with new ways of combating indoctrination and fostering normal reintegration into society – especially for escaped young fighters who live in Europe; the children used are getting younger and younger and an ethical conundrum also begins to present itself for those faced with the unenviable task of pulling the trigger on some 11-year-old.

Friday, February 19, 2016

Murderous Insanity in NY State Assembly

New York Assembly Passes Bill Allowing Shooting Babies Through the Heart With Poison to Kill Them

STEVEN ERTELT      ALBANY, NY

New York state Assembly

The New York state Assembly proved that promoting the best interest of women apparently includes pushing late-term abortions.

For years, the state legislature has been embroiled in a battle over a package of bills designed to push the interests of women. The bills have been held up in part because it includes a measure that would promote late-term abortions in the Empire State. Despite strenuous support from pro-abortion Gov. Andrew Cuomo, the legislature has refused to pass the package of bills because of the abortion measure.

The abortion bill would allow an abortion procedure that has abortionists shooting poison through the hearts of unborn children to kill them.

Now, the state Assembly has approved part of the package of bills — specifically the abortion promotion measure Governor Cuomo strenuously supports.

Today in a vote of 94-49 the New York State Assembly approved passage of AB 6221, the extreme stand-alone 10th point from the previously packaged 10-point Women’s Equality Act, which would expand third-trimester abortions and allow non-doctors to perform abortions. Since 2013, abortion advocates have been holding the Women’s Equality Act hostage to this single dangerous bill, refusing to break the 10-point bill up. This session, however, the will of the voters was finally heard, and the stand-alone bills have been considered.

I think we need a Baby's Equality Act!

“Expanding cruel and brutal third-trimester abortions has long been a goal of the anti-life lobby who never met an abortion they didn’t like,” said Lori Kehoe, New York State Right to Life executive director. “With no regard for the fully developed unborn baby who is violently dismembered, or otherwise killed, the New York State Assembly once again put the abortion lobby above New York State women and their children.”

New York state Assembly

AB 6221, sponsored by Assemblywoman Glick, would change existing New York State law, which currently allows for abortion in the third trimester when the mother’s life is in danger, to allow abortion on-demand throughout all nine months. The law would be changed to allow abortion for any reason deemed “relevant to the well-being of the patient” including physical, emotional, psychological, and familial factors, and the mother’s age.

With no consideration for the well-being of the baby, even if it's viable.

AB 6221 has no interest in the life of the living, developed, unborn human child, stripping away any protections the smallest members of our human family have.

“We now look once again to the Senate to hold the line in defense of the children which happens to also be in accordance with the will of the rest of the people,” added Kehoe. “It is ridiculous that in 2015, with all the technology at our disposal, we are still arguing whether or not an eight month old baby in the womb deserves protection.

It is doubtful that our descendants will look kindly upon this period in our history, when we fought for the right to dismember babies weeks, days and even minutes before birth.”

New York State Right to Life will be discussing this and other attacks on members of the human family at their free-to-the-public Lobby for Life Day on April 29 at the Legislative Office Building in Albany.

I could be wrong but it seems to me that when you stop a heart from beating, you're ending a life. How else could you possibly interpret that?

New Hampshire Stands Up for Pedophile's Freedom of Child Pornography Trafficking

New Hampshire introduces US-first bill over Tor privacy software

© Joe Raedle / AFP

A new bill has been introduced by state legislators in New Hampshire to allow public libraries run privacy software, such as Tor. It is the first law of this kind in the US.

The legislation comes after last year's incident in Lebanon, New Hampshire, when the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) caused a Tor relay to be removed from the Kilton Public Library.

Tor allows internet traffic to be bounced over three relays, using three layers of encryption, making the original IP address undetectable. The traffic passes through a final "exit relay" before reaching its final destination, and the IP address of that last relay is signaled as the source of the traffic (rather than its actual source IP address).

As they conceal the original IP address, Tor exit relays are sometimes used for illegal activity online, drawing the attention of law enforcement agencies.

Sometimes? How about most of the time. It is used for the buying and selling of child pornography - the world's fastest growing business. It is used to sell drugs, and weapons without security checks. It is used for all kinds of evil and it is difficult to think of any legitimate use other than espionage and perhaps some media communications in hostile (read Muslim) countries.

I cannot see anything good coming out of the use of Tor in a public library. The idea is frightening and abhorrent.

The Department of Homeland Security emailed the local police about Kilton Public Library’s use of the anonymous internet browsing service last September, leading to a meeting between local law enforcement, city officials, and the library.

The Tor relay at the library was suspended for a week before being restored after a vote by the library board of trustees.

Sean Fleming, the library’s IT director, told ArsTechnica before the vote that there was “no pressure from the feds at all.”

This first of its kind bill was put forward by Republican Representative Keith Ammon in a response to that incident, and sponsored by six other lawmakers.

Although running Tor or similar programs is perfectly legal for public libraries, the legislation is being seen as a strong show of support for the right to use such privacy software.

The Library Freedom Project helped draft the bill. The Daily Dot reports that project’s founder Alison Macrina said: “I think that no matter what happens, whether this passes or not, it's a pretty important step in recognizing these things are really important, and law enforcement and intelligence agencies are threatening our right to use them,” she said.

Although Tor is largely funded by the US government, the National Security Agency (NSA) has made repeated attempts to develop attacks against people using Tor, according to the Guardian.

The discussion on digital security versus national security reached a pivotal point this week when Apple CEO, Tim Cook revealed the company does not intend to comply with an FBI request to create a “backdoor” to the iPhone so investigators can access data on the phone of one of the San Bernardino shooters.

Thursday, February 18, 2016

USA's Own Climate Change Rep Ominously Threatens US

Heads Up, America

There is a remarkable theory promoted by Lord Christopher Monkton that the climate deal agreed to in Paris in December was less about the climate and more about countries surrendering autonomy to a 'world body', in other words the beginnings of a one-world government



In his theory he predicted the fall of Tony Abbott, Prime Minister of Australia in a caucus coup. He even predicted that it would be Malcolm Turnbull who would engineer Abbot's fall. Turnbull is now Prime Minister of Australia. Abbott was dead-set against a binding climate protocol.

Monkton also predicted that Stephen Harper would be defeated in last fall's election. He makes this incredible claim: Monckton recounted a conversation when Sir David King, William Hague's United Kingdom “climate change ambassador” was asked by the Environmentalist Committee of the House of Commons in May 2014 “whether all the nations of the world were in principle ready to sign their peoples rights away in such a treaty,” to which he replied “Oh yes, but there are two stand-outs.  One is Canada, but don't worry about Canada.  They've got an election in the spring of 2015 and we and the U.N. will make sure that the present government is removed.”  Monckton recalled his absolute bluntness about the matter.

So with Abbott and Harper gone, just in time for Paris, there was no-one with sense enough to stop madness, and now we are well on our way to the dreaded one-world government that the Bible has been warning us about for nearly 2 millennium. (Rev 13:1,2; Dan 7:16-24).

This article from the BBC certainly does nothing to counter that theory. Indeed, it seems the as yet unformed (unless it turns out to be the IPCC) and non-elected panel that would administer punishment for miscreant countries, is already wielding power, or at least threats. 

In this case the threat comes from the USA's own representative at Paris, Todd Stern. Perhaps he is just blustering in the hope of landing a senior position on the aforementioned panel, or perhaps he is just campaigning for the Democrats, but his threats sound quite real and may be a glimpse of what awaits countries who do sign the agreement and surrender control of their country to as yet unknown and non-elected people.

Lord Christopher Monkton

'Consequences' for the US if it quits Paris climate deal

From BBC Science & Environment


The US faces "diplomatic consequences" if a new President decides to pull out of the Paris Climate Agreement

American climate envoy Todd Stern said the reaction would be far greater than when the US left the Kyoto Protocol under President Bush.

Many countries are worried that a Republican victory in November's presidential election would see the US walk away from the landmark Paris deal.

But Mr Stern said he thinks this is unlikely given the global reaction.

The recent decision by the US Supreme Court to stall President Obama's Clean Power Plan has raised concerns in many parts of the world that the US might not be able to live up to the carbon cutting commitments it made in the French capital in December.

French Foreign Affairs Minister Laurent Fabius @ COP21  Getty Images

Faith in the law

As US lead negotiator, Todd Stern has been visiting Europe as part of efforts to "reassure" countries that America will stick to its promises.

"We anticipate that the Clean Power Plan will be upheld," he told reporters in London.

"But if for whatever reason it is not, then we will have to use other means to get to our target, but we are not backing off our target."

As well as worries over the Supreme Court ruling on the White House plan to limit emissions, many countries are also concerned about the impact of a new Republican administration on US climate policy, something highlighted by President Obama in recent days.

"They're all denying climate change," the President said, referring to the Republican candidates seeking the party's presidential nomination.

"This is not just Mr Trump," Mr Obama continued. "There's not a single candidate in the Republican primary that thinks we should do anything about climate change, that thinks it's serious."

Todd Stern Getty Images
Climate envoy Todd Stern says that the US will stick to its commitments "come what may".

Mr Stern recalled that the election of President George W Bush saw the US renounce the Kyoto Protocol, the world's first, flawed attempt to limit carbon emissions.

He said that there was a clear record of what happened, and it was "diplomatically challenging" for the US.

If they reneged on Paris, he said, it would be much worse.

"There was a lot of blowback that the US got generally diplomatically across the range of diplomatic concerns and I have no doubt that it would be very significant if the US were to do that with regard to Paris, probably much, much more significant than what happened before."

"There is a record there that you can look at to have a pretty good sense that there would be diplomatic consequences."

The scale of possible repercussions would make it highly unlikely that a new President would pull out of the Paris deal, Mr Stern said.

Sign and join

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has asked global leaders to come to New York in April for the official signing of the Paris agreement. To become operational, the treaty needs 55 countries representing more than 55% of global emissions sign and ratify it.

Mr Stern said that the US would sign in April and join the agreement this year.

The leaders of France, Peru and Morocco have already stated that they will attend the gathering.

French President Francois Hollande is likely to be accompanied by his minister of environment, Segolene Royal, who has taken over from Laurent Fabius as president of the climate negotiation process.

She will be in charge until the next meeting in Marrakech in November.

Wednesday, February 17, 2016

‘Extraordinary Violence’: Hate, Anti-Government ‘Patriot’ Groups Flourished in 2015 – Report

© splcenter.org
An advocacy group monitoring hate and anti-government groups in the United States released its annual census report showing that such groups flourished around the nation in 2015, growing by 14 percent.

The Southern Poverty Law Center, which conducted the survey, called it a year marked by "extraordinary violence from domestic extremists."

The annual report, titled “The Year in Hate and Extremism” and released on Wednesday, attributed the rise of hate and anti-government groups to the exploitation of the anger and fear some Americans felt over the country’s changing culture, whether through immigration, the legalization of same-sex marriage, the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, or the atrocities committed by Islamist terrorists. The group also highlighted anger felt by white, working-class Americans and some middle-class white people, especially the less educated, over economic pressures.

"Charleston. Chattanooga. Colorado Springs. In these towns and dozens of other communities around the nation, 2015 was a year marked by extraordinary violence from domestic extremists – a year of living dangerously," wrote Mark Potok, senior fellow at the SPLC.


In its count, the report found hate groups increased from 784 groups in 2014 to 892 in 2015, a 14 percent rise, but the increases where notably not seen in what many may view as hardcore groups.

“The hardest core sectors of the white supremacist movement – white nationalists, neo-Nazis and racist skinheads – actually declined…a reflection, perhaps, that hate in the mainstream had absorbed some of the hate on the fringes,” wrote Potok. “But there were significant increases in the Klan as well as black separatist groups.”

Ku Klux Klan chapters boom
The report said Klan chapters grew from 72 in 2014 to 190 last year, with 364 pro-Confederate flag rallies following South Carolina’s legislative decision to take down the battle flag from its Capitol grounds. That decision followed the massacre of nine black churchgoers by a white supremacist named Dylann Roof. The rallies were not limited to the South, but were held in 26 states and “reflected widespread white anger that the tide in country was turning against them.”

The SPLC said its group count likely underestimates the true size of the American radical right, as many white supremacists operate online on sites such as Stormfront, which has 300,000 members and has added 25,000 new registered users annually for several years.

“The milieu of the web is an ideal one for ‘lone wolves’ - terrorists who operate on their own and are radicalized online. Dylann Roof is the perfect example,” the report stated. “His journey began with absorbing propaganda about black-on-white crime from the website of the Council of Conservative Citizens…and ended with the June massacre in Charleston. Like increasing numbers of white supremacist circles, Roof was convinced…that white people worldwide were the targets of genocide.”


Black Separatists also on the rise
The report found black separatist hate groups grew 59 percent, from 113 chapters in 2014 to 180 last year, fueled by “the explosion of anger fostered by highly publicized incidents of police shootings of black men.” The SPLC found that unlike activists with the Black Lives Matter movement, who called for police reform and an end to structural racism, the black separatist groups demonized all whites, gays and, in particular, Jews.

The report found a correlation between the growth of hate groups and a series of lethal terrorist attacks. In addition to the massacre of nine black people at a church in Charleston, Islamist radicals killed 14 people at work party in San Bernardino, California, just days after an anti-abortion extremist killed three people at a Planned Parenthood clinic in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

“After seeing the bloodshed that defined 2015, our politicians should have worked to defuse this anger and bring us together as a nation,” Potok said. “Unfortunately, the carnage did little to dissuade some political figures from spouting incendiary rhetoric about minorities. In fact, they frequently exploited the anger and polarization across the country for political gain.”

Anti-Muslim groups in the spotlight
The report found the demonization of Muslims, Latinos, immigrants and others become commonplace in 2015. (Muslims are already demonized - Allah is Satan). The Center for Security Policy is one of two anti-Muslim groups listed as a hate group for the first time in this year’s report. The other is ACT! For America. In 2015, the two groups started opposing immigration by refugees from the Syrian civil war, drafting model statutes meant to ban the refugees at the county level. Some 30 state governors also said they would prohibit refugees.

“After the San Bernardino attack in December, Muslim activists and other reported an enormous surge of anti-Muslim hate crimes, including shootings, mosque arsons, Koran desecrations, assaults and the bullying of schoolchildren,” wrote Potok. “As the new year began there was little evidence that the hatred was diminishing.”


Anti-government “Patriot” groups flourish
The other big growth area was in conspiracy-minded, anti-government “Patriot” groups, which rose from 874 in 2014 to 998 last year, a growth of 14 percent.

“The growth was fueled by the euphoria felt in anti-government circles after armed activists forced federal officials to back down at gunpoint from seizing cattle at Cliven Bundy’s ranch to pay his grazing fees,” wrote Potok.

Potok said that event emboldened activists to occupy the wildlife refuge in Oregon in January 2016 as a protest against federal land ownership in the West.

Patriot groups need to be very careful. There is a fine line between criticizing and standing up to your government, and fighting against your country which is not patriotism but treason. America is a democracy; let's not turn it into a 3rd world country where the last man standing gets to be president.

Complex Human DNA Trail Provides Some Interesting Surprises

Neanderthals & humans interbred 100,000 years ago
At least 5 different species of humans found
By Rebecca Morelle, Science Correspondent, BBC News

Neanderthal recreation   Image copyright ELISABETH DAYNES/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Neanderthals may have been breeding with modern humans much earlier than was thought

Traces of human DNA found in a Neanderthal genome suggest that we started mixing with our now-extinct relatives 100,000 years ago.

Previously it had been thought that the two species first encountered each other when modern humans left Africa, about 60,000 years ago.

The research is published in the journal Nature.

Dr Sergi Castellano, from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in Germany, said: "It is significant for understanding the history of modern humans and Neanderthals."

The Neanderthal remains were found in a cave in Siberia copyright BENCE VIOLA

The ancient remains of a female Neanderthal, found in a remote cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia, are the source of these revelations about the sex lives of our ancestors.

A genetic analysis reveals that portions of human DNA lie within her genome, revealing an interspecies mingling that took place 100,000 years ago.

We really don't know how widespread Neanderthals and early modern 
humans might have been in the regions between Arabia and China at this time

Prof Chris Stringer, Natural History Museum

Earlier research suggested that humans started interbreeding with our heavy-browed, stocky relatives when they migrated out of Africa and began to spread around the world.

As they left the continent, they met - and mingled with - the Neanderthals, who lived across Europe and Asia.

Neanderthal genes from these encounters are found in humans today, and recent studies have shown that these portions of DNA play an integral role in everything from our immune system to our propensity to diseases.

But the latest finding of a flow of genes in the opposite direction, from humans to Neanderthals, suggests such mating was happening thousands of years earlier.

It is not yet clear what impact these genes had on Neanderthals. "The functional significance of this is unclear at the moment," said Dr Castellano.

Neanderthal genes in the humans are found in many Europeans and Asian populations Science Photo Library

However, the findings do shed more light on the history of human migration.

At the moment we simply don't know how these matings happened
Prof Chris Stringer, Natural History Museum

If early humans were having sex with Neanderthals 100,000 years ago, then they must have been doing so outside of Africa because our close relatives were not found there. And this means that they had left Africa before the larger dispersal that took place at least 40,000 years later.

This adds to the idea that early forays out of the continent took place. Other recent evidence includes early human fossils found in Skhul and Qafzeh in Israel, and recent research that suggests people were living in China at least 80,000 years ago.

Commenting on the study Prof Chris Stringer, research leader in human origins, from the Natural History Museum in London, said: "I think that anywhere in southern Asia could theoretically have been the location of this early interbreeding, since we really don't know how widespread Neanderthals and early modern humans might have been in the regions between Arabia and China at this time."

He added: "At the moment we simply don't know how these matings happened and the possibilities range from relatively peaceful exchanges of partners, to one group raiding another and stealing females (which happens in chimps and some modern hunter-gatherers), through to adopting abandoned or orphaned babies.

"Eventually, geneticists should be able to show if the transfer of DNA in either direction was mainly via males, females, or about equal in proportion, but it will need a lot more data before that becomes possible."

Altai Mtns, Siberia/Mongolia

The cave in the Altai Mountains of Siberian in the photo above is actually famous for having housed not only Neanderthals and humans, but also another extinct species called Denisovans. Their history just adds a whole nuther level of confusion to the human genome. This from Wikipedia:

Denisovan or Denisova hominin (pronunciation: /dᵻˈniːsəvə/ dɛ-nee-sə-və) is an extinct species of human in the genus Homo. The species is sometimes given the name Homo sp. Altai, and Homo sapiens ssp. Denisova. In March 2010, scientists announced the discovery of a finger bone fragment of a juvenile female who lived about 41,000 years ago, found in the remote Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia, a cave which has also been inhabited by Neanderthals and modern humans. Two teeth belonging to different members of the same population have since been reported. In November 2015, a tooth fossil containing DNA was reported to have been found and studied.

Genetically distinct DNA

Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the finger bone showed it to be genetically distinct from the mtDNAs of Neanderthals and modern humans. Subsequent study of the nuclear genome from this specimen suggests that Denisovans shared a common origin with Neanderthals, that they ranged from Siberia to South-East Asia, and that they lived among and interbred with the ancestors of some modern humans, with about 3% to 5% of the DNA of Melanesians and Aboriginal Australians deriving from Denisovans. 

Yet another human species

DNA discovered in Spain suggests that Denisovans at some point resided in Western Europe, where Neanderthals were previously thought to be the only inhabitants. A comparison with the genome of a Neanderthal from the same cave revealed significant local interbreeding with local Neanderthal DNA representing 17% of the Denisovan genome, while evidence was also detected of interbreeding with an as yet unidentified ancient human lineage.

This probably has nothing to do with the discovery of 'hobbits', another human species, on an island in Indonesia. Consequently, that means that there were at least 5 different humanoid species in existence at some time or another.

Similar analysis of a toe bone discovered in 2011 is underway, while analysis of DNA from two teeth found in layers different from the finger bone revealed an unexpected degree of mtDNA divergence among Denisovans. In 2013, mitochondrial DNA from a 400,000-year-old hominin femur bone from Spain, which had been seen as either Neanderthal or Homo heidelbergensis, was found to be closer to Denisovan mtDNA than to Neanderthal mtDNA.

Tuesday, February 16, 2016

Prehistoric ‘Hobbits’ Were Not Deformed Humans, but Another Species

The characteristically small skull of the Homo floresiensis © Beawiharta / Reuters
French scientists say they have come closer to resolving the riddle of the origin of small people deemed unlike any others on the planet, whose fossilized bones were found on an Indonesian island in 2003.

The 15,000 year-old remains of upright walking creatures, who were about 100 cm in height, and weighing 25 kg were dug up – still moist – in a cave on the Island of Flores, and dubbed Homo floresiensis by researchers, and “hobbits” by the media.

But behind the neat designations, a fierce academic debate had begun. One side said they were the descendants of the Homo erectus, a dead-end branch on the evolutionary path that produced modern humans, which died out about 70,000 years ago. Their small size would have resulted from "insular dwarfing" – a tendency of an isolated apex species to get smaller when marooned in an environment with few competing predators, but a poor food supply.

A life-size drawing of Homo floresiensis, who may have been a relative of whoever made the newly-discovered instruments © David Gray / Reuters
Of course this is mostly imagination. 
Another claimed that the “hobbits” were humans, whose small group of ancestors had a genetic disorder, which spread as the population multiplied. With small heads, and softball-sized brains like those of apes, the “hobbits” were thought to have suffered from microcephaly, or perhaps dwarf cretinism, a condition that develops as a result of a lack of iodine in the diet.

But using primarily high-tech 3D scans, recently produced in Japan, of the best-preserved skull from the nine found specimens, two French scientists appear to have disproved at least one of these theories, without confirming the other.

“There is a lot of information contained in bone layers of the skull - there were no characteristics from our species,” Antoine Balzeau, a scientist at France's Natural History Museum and a lead author of a newly-published paper in Journal of Human Evolution, told AFP.

While smaller defects were detected in the structure, there was nothing to suggest these were genetically-disordered humans.

But neither did the study confirm that this was an offshoot of the Homo erectus, opening up an intriguing third possibility. That the Homo floresiensis may be an entirely different species, emerging from an as-yet-unknown origin.

“For the moment, we can’t say one way or the other,” explained Balzeau, who plans to continue studying the other skulls from the excavation.